Thursday, February 2, 2017

This Historic Poz Storyline Would Never Have Happened Without An Immigrant


February 01 2017
 
 
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I was never a huge Real World fan, but growing up in the '90s — which seems like the dark ages now — it was always on my radar because it was practically a beacon in terms of LGB representation. In the third season Pedro Zamora filled this role. He came out HIV-positive on the show.

I hadn’t thought about Zamora in years, then Trump signed his immigration ban last week and Zamora’s good friend and fellow The Real World: San Francisco star Judd Winick posted this reminder that Zamora arrived on the shores of the U.S. as a refugee immigrant fleeing Cuba:



 
Zamora's death was a big deal to all of us at the time, especially those of us in high school and college. I remember my housemate, (and now best-selling young adult novelist) Hannah Rodgers Barnaby, and the other women I lived with in college, bawling when Zamora died from AIDS-related conditions on November 11, 1994 soon after the season ended. 

"This is the gift of open borders," Barnaby says now, recalling those days. "This is the great miracle of immigration, that a 19-year-old white girl from upstate New York was given the chance to witness the passionate activism of a Cuban immigrant living with AIDS. I never met Pedro Zamora, but he taught me and millions of others to open our hearts and our eyes to those who were suffering. He was able to share his grace because he was able to share our country. And we were all better for it.” 

“Pedro caught my attention for two reasons," remembers Danny Roberts, the super hot gay cast member on The Real World: New Orleans, Season 9. "One, he was an incredibly likable guy who spoke with passion and reason, which brought a human face to an issue that had otherwise been an abstract distant concept to most of us at that time, including me. Second, he showed this small town boy from rural Georgia that HIV wasn't some evil curse cast on the undeserving, which is pretty much all my environment at the time taught me. He brought out so much empathy; I remember feeling crushed when he died.  It was the first time HIV seemingly personally touched my life."


Above: Danny Roberts, summer of 2001, Wilmington, North Carolina

I spoke to Winick about his post and what he felt he could add to the conversation.

“To be honest," Winick says, "I can't think of anything that I could possibly add to the conversation that isn't being said by thousands, if not millions of people around the country.
 Maybe that is my point. And [it's] a hopeful one: Trump has been in office for just over a week and there's been two, count 'em two, major national protests. People are pushing back. People are fighting back. People are demanding to be heard. That said, and stating the obvious, this is a country that was built on immigrants. And I felt the need to express that in my personal experience, in my life, I know of one immigrant who literally changed millions of lives. If Pedro Zamora has not been allowed to come to the United States, so many people would've been deprived. So many people would not be living the lives they are living now. I know it might sound like hyperbole, but for 22 years I have heard from people who have said just that, "Pedro Zamora changed my life.'"

In the more than two decades since that Real World season, Winick has gone on to a successful comic book and writing career, penning the best selling Pedro and Me and also tackled gay bashing in DC Comic's best selling Green Lantern series.

When it comes to HIV and immigration, I told Winick, I worry Trump is one step away from making that the next ban. It happened to be a timely concern.

“In the time that you and I are having this conversation," Winick points out, "the rumor that is circulating through the media is that Trump is moments away from issuing an executive order to discriminate against LGBT [people]. "I don't know exactly how to express my feelings about this. I am both shocked, horrified, and not surprised at all. Can that possibly be happening? I just know from the moment that happens, and God, I really hope it doesn't, but if it does we will see another massive protest. And I believe we will truly see the first acts of civil disobedience occurring until this is rescinded."

That EO in question would reportedly overturn Obama's executive order banning anti-LGBT discrimination by the federal government and companies that contract with it. Trump later denied such an EO would be issued; but fears remain the administration will add a freedom of religion clause effectively making a loophole for discrimination. 

"I actually cannot believe that the conservatives in our government want this," Winick continues. "I know many do. I know so many are just full of hate and discrimination. But even among those hate mongering assholes, they do know that this just mucks up the works. They can't govern when all they're doing is fighting more than half the country on social issue after social issue. And that's what these are. Immigration and the rights of LGBT are not politics. These are social issues. 
These are human rights. The United States is supposed to lead the world in the human rights business. To say they are fucking it up is an understatement that can't be measured.”

Winick and his wife Pam, were both friends of Zamora’s 22 years ago, when the world got to know him on the show. “We have basically been given license to speak about him because we were there when the world met him," Winick explains. Now he says, "there's thousands of young people who carry his torch. That's who bears his legacy. All Pedro wanted was to empower young people. That's who carries on for him. Pam and I can talk about him. But the real work will come from the young people who Pedro represented. The young people he fought for. Then and even more so now.”

I'm left reflecting on the success of Winick’s best selling children’s book series Hilo and how it represents Zamora’s legacy via his good friend in the way that it’s diverse and hopeful. You can feel Zamora's spirit in it. The third  installment in the Hilo book series comes out February 21st. “I actually just finished the fourth one last week," Winick shares. "It's a wonderful ongoing process. I'm very lucky. As far as the overall message, I'm just trying to tell a really fun adventure. It's as much about a mystery as it is about action-adventure, and at the heart of it, it's about friendship. I know that might sound artsy-fartsy , but I will defend that by saying there's lots of burp jokes in there and talking animals." 

But, Winick argues, "I don't think Hilo stresses diversity in the book. It just pretty much looks that way. For a long time when it came to storytelling, and unfortunately even now, the default position in creating characters is that they're white and male. I just made a trio of kids who I thought represented the world we live in. And those kids include kids who are Black, Asian, Latino and White. Spoiler: the White kid actually turns out to be a robot from a different planet. But I guess they need to be spoken for too.” 

The series is a bestseller,  and Winick couldn't be happier. “Truly, I get up every day and I know how lucky I am," he says.

“I followed the friendship between Pedro and Judd [Winick] and always thought it was a beautiful example of two very different people forging a strong, almost fated bond," Barnaby says. "And Judd continues to carry his legacy in his books.”

Read more articles from PLUS, here.

 

Wednesday, February 1, 2017

We're One Step Closer to a Single-Dose HIV Vaccine


February 01 2017
 
 
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The dream of long-acting HIV drugs is becoming a reality each and every day, thanks to sophisticated medical breakthroughs. One of the newest drugs to get our attention has shown promise in creating HIV drugs that can be administered once or twice a year. 

As published in the Journal of Clinical Investigation, researchers developed a drug called URMC-099, which has the purpose of lifting the brakes on a process called autophagy. 
What is autophagy, you ask? 

It works like this: Autophagy is a process our cells use to rid itself of waste, thus allowing them to invade viruses. Without it, our cells are vulnerable to becoming consumed by viruses. HIV in particular prevents autophagy from happening altogether, which is why it's so hard to kill. But scientists have found a way to lift HIV's brake on autophagy. As a result, cells are free of the virus for longer periods of time. 

URMC-099 turns autophagy back on in our cells. When combined with nanoformulated antiretroviral drugs, it has potential of unleashing a long-acting HIV defense.

While strategies of developing an HIV vaccine to give lifetime protection from the virus are taking place around the world, URMC-099 seems to be closest to production. 

Researchers tested URMC-099 in combo with nanoformulations of two FDA-approved HIV medications (a protease inhibitor called atazanavir and an integrate inhibitor called dolutegravir), according to the study. Experiments were done using human immune cells and in mice engineered to have a human immune system. 

After these experiments, it was found that URMC-099’s initiation of autophagy allowed the HIV drugs to be in cells for a longer period of time — nearly 50 times longer! 

URMC-099 developer Harris A. Gelbard, professor and director of the Center of Neural Development and Disease at the University of Rochester said the treatment will be mobilized for human use in the next five years. 

“This study shows that URMC-099 has the potential to reduce the frequency of HIV therapy, which would eliminate the burden of daily treatment, greatly increase compliance and help people better manage the disease,” Gelbard said to Futurity.org

Read more articles from PLUS, here.
 

1 in 10 HIV-Positive People Also Have Diabetes


February 01 2017
 
 
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Research has found that diabetes develops at an earlier age in people living with HIV than all other populations.  Because HIV-positive people are living as long as those with a negative diagnosis, they have to deal with other morbidities relating to age, i.e. osteoporosis, heart disease, and for some, chronic metabolic diseases like diabetes. But a surprising figure emerged from a study published in the BMJ Open Diabetes Research and Care.

After analyzing data from the Medical Monitoring Project and from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, it was found that the prevalence of diabetes in HIV-positive adults was 10.3 percent, which is 3.8 percent higher than general populations. Among this number, under 4 percent had type 1 diabetes, 52 percent had type 2, and 44 percent had unspecified diabetes. 

While age and obesity increases the prevalence of diabetes, data suggests HIV-positive are likely to develop type 2 disease at a younger age, even if they aren’t obese. 

As Plus previously reported, low-grade systemic inflammation could also be an underlying factor in the development of type 2 diabetes among HIV-positive people on antiretroviral medications. According to researchers, HIV-positive people that developed diabetes had significantly higher baseline levels of two inflammatory markers (including high-sensitivity C-reactive protein) than those who didn’t develop the disease. 

Additionally, strategies aiming to improve insulin sensitivities were shown to be less effective among HIV-positive people in prior studies, which makes it more dyer to improve monitoring and managing diabetes in the HIV-positive community. And frankly, the sooner the better.

According to the World Health Organization, there were 108 million people living with diabetes in 2014, which is a major cause of blindness, kidney failure, heart attacks, stroke and lower limb amputation. 1.5 million people died of disease in 2012.

Read more articles from PLUS, here.
 

UCL researchers discover how HIV infects macrophages despite presence of protective protein


News Medical Life Sciences

Published on January 27, 2017 


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A team led by UCL researchers has identified how HIV is able to infect macrophages, a type of white blood cell integral to the immune system, despite the presence of a protective protein. They discovered a treatment that can maintain macrophage defences which could be a key part of the puzzle of reaching a complete cure for HIV/AIDS.

Macrophages make an antiviral protein called SAMHD1, which prevents HIV from replicating in these cells - except for when the protein is switched off, as part of a natural process discovered by the UCL-led team.

"We knew that SAMHD1 is switched off when cells multiply, but macrophages do not multiply so it seemed unlikely that SAMHD1 would be switched off in these cells," said Professor Ravindra Gupta (UCL Infection & Immunity), the senior author of the paper. "And yet we found there's a window of opportunity when SAMHD1 is disabled as part of a regularly-occurring process in macrophages."


Lead author of the EMBO Journal study, Dr Petra Mlcochova (UCL Infection & Immunity) said: "Other viruses can disable SAMHD1, but HIV cannot. Our work explains how HIV can still infect macrophages, which are disabling SAMHD1 by themselves."

The reason why SAMHD1 gets switched off remains to be determined, but the authors suggest it might be done in order to repair damaged DNA, part of the normal functioning of the macrophage.
In a further part of the study, the researchers discovered how to close this window of opportunity by treating the cells with HDAC inhibitors, which are sometimes used in cancer treatments.

"Our findings could help explain why some people undergoing anti-retroviral therapy for HIV continue to have HIV replication in the brain, as the infected cells in the brain are typically macrophages. While this is a barrier to achieving control of HIV in just a minority of patients, it may more importantly be a barrier to a cure," Gupta added.

The researchers say that macrophages can be an important reservoir of HIV infection that lingers away from the reach of existing treatments. Once a macrophage is infected, it will continually produce the HIV virus, so cutting off that point of infection within the body could be an important step towards safeguarding the entire immune system. HDAC inhibitors may be particularly helpful as they're already known to reactivate latent HIV cells, thus making the virus vulnerable to the body's defences, especially if supported by anti-retroviral therapy.

The series of tests involved cultures of macrophages derived from human cells in vitro, which responded well to HDAC inhibitor treatment, as well as macrophages residing in mouse brain tissues.

 

UAB researchers find how gut fails to prevent HIV-1 infection


News Medical Life Sciences

Published on January 28, 2017


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The barrier between the gut and the bloodstream is severely damaged in the first few weeks of infection by HIV-1 virus. This can allow whole microbes in the intestine, as well as tiny pieces of bacteria, to enter the blood and provoke the inflammation that can lead to AIDS — even when replication of the virus is controlled by drug therapy.

Using a novel technique to analyze antibodies in fluid collected from intestines of 81 HIV-1-infected and 25 control individuals, University of Alabama at Birmingham researchers have found abnormal gut antibody levels in people infected with HIV-1. This antibody dysregulation, they say, may be an important factor contributing to the failure of the gut to prevent the inflammatory microbial invasion of the bloodstream.

The researchers, led by Zdenek Hel, Ph.D., associate professor in the UAB Department of Pathology, used a technique called protein microarray analysis. A total of 39 different protein antigens from gut bacteria — antigens that are known to elicit antibody immune responses in humans against those antigens — were used to bind antibodies from gut wash fluid. A variety of food antigen proteins were also used to bind antibodies. Researchers then could test what types of antibodies were produced in HIV-1-positive and HIV-1-negative subjects.


Hel and colleagues found that both infected and uninfected subjects made antibodies against these bacterial and food antigens. However, the two groups differed greatly in the types of antibodies produced.

People with HIV-1 had higher proportions of a less mature form of antibody called immunoglobulin M, or IgM, as compared with the antibody forms called IgG and IgA that are better at binding antigens. This suggests that immune system cells in the inner layer of the intestine, the mucosa, are unable to make the types of antibodies needed to prevent bacterial fragments from entering the bloodstream.

Further, the researchers say, accumulation of IgM in the gut mucosa may form immune complexes that exacerbate inflammation.

It is well-known that antibody-producing cells switch from early production of IgM to later production of IgG and IgA in people with healthy immune systems. It is also well-understood that HIV-1 infections cause early and profound depletion of the immune memory cells in the mucosa that are indispensable for that immune-type switching.

Hel's finding that HIV-1 infection is associated with significant elevation of IgM levels and decreased ratios of IgG/IgM and IgA/IgM is consistent with the loss of those mucosal memory CD4+ T cells.

"This study involved a relatively small number of patients and did not include direct analysis of intestinal tract cells," Hel said. "Nonetheless, the findings could improve our understanding of how HIV-1 undermines the immune system and inform research into potential new treatments."

 

Study to investigate effectiveness of novel combination treatment for eradicating HIV




Published on February 1, 2017


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A Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine researcher has received a $2.5 million grant from Gilead Sciences, a California-based biopharmaceutical company, to see if two so-far separately-used AIDS treatments are even more effective when used as a pair.

Lead researcher Michael M. Lederman, MD, Scott R. Inkley Professor of Medicine, and colleagues will combine interleukin-2, a protein made by the body that stimulates human killer-cells, with a lab-engineered monoclonal antibody that targets HIV.

"Administered alone, both Il-2 and certain monoclonal antibodies can reduce—but not necessarily eliminate— the presence of HIV in the body," said Dr. Lederman. "Our study will go the next step and use them together. We want to see if they produce more of a wallop in tandem than when administered individually."

Both IL-2 and monoclonal antibodies that neutralize HIV have been given safely to HIV-infected persons but not yet in combination. Study participants will be monitored for safety and tolerance by study staff members.



A key goal of the study is to determine if the new combined treatment can reduce latent HIV reservoirs, which consist of cells infected with HIV but not actively producing HIV. Reservoirs, which are difficult to measure, are present even in cases of treated HIV infection where there are no detectable levels of HIV in the blood. Although not active, the reservoirs are evidence that the infection is not cured since they can be reactivated by any of a number of reasons.

IL-2 is approved by the Food and Drug Administration for treating certain cancers. It activates killer cells and also activates HIV from latency (a positive development since the activated cells die when expressing virus). Monoclonal antibodies that neutralize HIV are cloned protein antibodies that bind to the surface of HIV and keep it from infecting the body's immune cells. They also can help killer cells attack HIV infected cells that have been activated from latency to express virus.

In the 64-week study, patients in one treatment group will receive IL-2 and those in a second treatment group will receive IL-2 plus a monoclonal antibody that neutralizes HIV. The hope is that the size of the HIV reservoir will decrease in both groups and that the antibody will make the IL-2 treatment more potent. The study is set to include 16 patients and begin in the second half of 2017.

A previous retrospective study suggested that IL-2 treatment could decrease the size of latent HIV reservoirs. "We think it's important to try to confirm those findings in a prospective trial and just as important, see if the addition of a monoclonal antibody enhances the activity of IL-2," said Dr. Lederman.

He and his study colleagues are in discussions with the National Institutes of Health's Vaccine Research Center to determine which monoclonal antibody to use among several the Center has developed to prevent or treat HIV infection.

 
Read more articles from News Medical Life Sciences, here.
  

Republican Representative Steve Russell from Oklahoma Regarding ACA "OBAMACARE"


Working hard to REPEAL however NOTHING to REPLACE it with yet

Rev. David A. Moorman

02/01/2017


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Here we are already starting month two of 2017 and there is still so much UNREST in the United States because of this new Administration along with the GOP working fervently to DISMANTLE everything President Obama did for AMERICA in the Eight Years he was in office.

As USA Citizens we need to be aware of what is happening in Washington DC, because it does affect our lives in so many way. The decisions that have been made in the past two weeks alone from the Desk of *45 has caused so much unrest among the GREAT CITIZENS of this Country and many countries around the world. *45 made many OUTLANDISH PROMISES on the Campaing Trail and he is pushing through with a lot of them right out of the gate.

I encourage EVERY CITIZEN of the USA to be vigilient in paying attention to what is happening with our GOVERNMENT so you can make informed decisions when it comes time to VOTE in City, County, State and National Elections. WE THE PEOPLE have the POWER to CHANGE the outcome of EVERY ELECTION.

Back on January 24th of this year, I posted a letter I had written to CONGRESSMEN from my District here in Oklahoma concerning the "REPEAL and REPLACE" of the ACA along with a reply I received back from Senator James M. Inhofe. You can read that blog post here:
CongressmenBacking the DESTRUCTION of the ACA Oklahoma. I now present you with that letter and the response I received from Republican Rep. Steve Russell on the same issue.

Here is the letter  I sent: 

 
CLICK to ENLARGE

Just to show where the mindset of CONGRESS is at concerning the ACA "OBAMACARE" REPEAL AND REPLACE I am going to show the letter I received from Republican Sen. James Infohe here so you can compare it to Republican Representative Steve Russell.


CLICK to ENLARGE
 


Republican Representative Steve Russell, Oklahoma
As you can see the letter is simple and straight to the point. We as AMERICAN CITIZENS  want to know what our Congressmen, who are supposed to REPRESENT US in Washington, are doing to make sure the PEOPLE have their best interest. 

As we all KNOW, Congressmen, rarely have OUR BEST interest in mind when VOTING on ISSUES. Most of them have been bought by BIG "PHARMA" and the Insurance GIANTS, so we the PEOPLE end up PAYING HIGHER PREMIUMS with even HIGHER DEDUCTIBLES making almost worth NOT having INSURANCE AT ALL.

Then  you have those of us who have Medicare that are now facing the PRIVITZATION of MEDICARE which would cost so much that those of us on SSDI or SSI will NOT BE ABLE TO AFFORD HEALTHCARE.

As AMERICAN CITIZENS we must DEMAND that our CONGRESS MEN and WOMEN hear OUR CONCERNS and act in our best interest because we CAN FIRE THEM and REPLACE THEM. They are there to work for US and if they DO NOT WANT TO have OUR BEST INTEREST then we need to let them go.

As promised I am enclosing the letter I received from Republican Steve Russell of Oklahoma, where I live. You will see from his response that basically the men and women in Washington DC are clueless as to what they are going to do to REPLACE the ACA "OBAMACARE", but they are VERY EXCITED to REPEAL IT!!!


CLICK to ENLARGE

CLICK to ENLARGE

I did send a reply back to Rep. Steve Russell about this letter and asked him to REPLY this time with answers to my REAL PERSONAL CONCERNS and not this POLITICAL RHETORIC they are FEEDING the public to try and convience them how "Horrible" the ACA is when those of us who have had it and those who still do know how much it helps.

Please GET INVOLVED - WE THE PEOPLE can and WILL make a HUGE DIFFERENCE this NEXT FOUR YEARS if we DO NOT LET THE GOVERNMENT PUSH us aside. REMEMBER they WORK FOR US not the OTHER WAY AROUND. WE HOLD their JOBS IN OUR VOTES!!

#RESIST all LEGISLATION that DISCRIMINATES and ALL LEGISLATION that is NOT in the BEST INTEREST OF ALL AMERICANS.

God Bless and have a GREAT 2017,
Rev. David A. Moorman "The Rainbow Pastor"

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