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| The Halloween presentation from SPAN Ministries in Ohio. |
October 27 2016
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In the words of the lesbian poet and scholar Judy Grahn, Halloween is "the great gay holiday."
And this weekend of lavish costumed theatricality will attract everyone, but especially lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer revelers.
Back in the day, Halloween, — the night before All Hallows Day (All Saints Day) — was linked to the ancient Celtic festival Samhain in the British Isles, meaning "summer’s end." And because the celebration is associated with mystery, magic, superstition, witches, and ghosts, the festivity was limited in colonial New England because of its Puritanical belief system.
But today it’s an LGBT extravaganza that rivals — if not out-showcases — Pride festivals.
Long before June officially became LGBT Pride Month, and October became LGBT History Month and included National Coming Out Day, Halloween was unofficially our yearly celebrated "holiday," dating as far back at the 1970s when it was a massive annual street party in San Francisco’s Castro district.
By the 1980s, gay enclaves like Key West, West Hollywood, and Greenwich Village were holding Halloween street parties. And the Halloween parades still attract tens of thousands of straight and gay spectators.
Gay cultural influence on Halloween has become such an unstoppable phenomenon here and abroad that anthropologist Jerry Kugelmass of the University of Florida published a book in 1994 on the new trend, titled Masked Culture, describing Halloween as an emerging gay "high holiday."
"The ’masked culture’ first developed by the gays of San Francisco has reached across the lines of orientation — and now jumped across the boundaries between nations and languages. It’s not just a party. It’s an ideal of personal emancipation, self-expression and self-fulfillment — an ideal that loses none of its power when it takes the form of a sexy nurse’s outfit," CNN contributor David Frum wrote last year in "Halloween craze started in gay culture."
Nicholas Rogers, author of Halloween: From Pagan Ritual to Party Night, points out that while Halloween is enjoyed by everyone, "it has been the Gay community that has most flamboyantly exploited Halloween’s potential as a transgressive festival, as one that operates outside or on the margins of orthodox time, space, and hierarchy. Indeed, it is the Gay community that has been arguably most responsible for Halloween’s adult rejuvenation."
Halloween allows many LGBT Americans at least one night annually of safely being out and "unmasked," free to wear drag or play around with gender. The community revels the entire night like there is no tomorrow, and for many there isn’t. Like its pagan roots, Halloween provided an outlet for us cross-dressing and LGBTQ outsiders who are ostracized by mainstream society.
As Halloween flourished as a gay cultural phenomenon, so too flourished a backlash by the fundamentalist Christians with their "Hell Houses." And these Christians targeted our children. (Believing Hell Houses are no longer up and running in 2016, I’ll speak of them in the past tense.)
Hell Houses were a contemporary form of both antigay bullying and witch-hunting. Created in the late 1970s by the late fundamentalist minister Jerry Falwell, Hell Houses were religious alternatives to traditional haunted houses. They were tours given by evangelical churches across the country designed to scare and bully people away from myriad sins. And one of those sins is homosexuality.
The National Gay and Lesbian Task Force put out a 2006 report titled "Homophobia at ’Hell House’: Literally Demonizing Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Youth," explaining how Hell Houses specifically targeted youth.
"Instead of spooking youth with ghosts and monsters, Hell House tour guides direct them through rooms where violent scenes of damnation for a variety of ’sins’ are performed, including scenes where a teenage lesbian is brought to hell after committing suicide and a gay man dying of AIDS is taunted by a demon who screams that the man will be separated from God forever in hell," the NGLTF stated.
A study published in The Journal of Psychology stated that a strong belief in Satan is directly related to intolerance of LGBT people. Religious leaders who supported Hell Houses believed that by scaring LGBT youth into heterosexual behavior, they were saving their souls. Their attempt to turn our most cherished holiday against us failed — even though they're still trying — and Halloween remains our second Pride.
Our influence on culture is being acknowledged and celebrated more as we come out. As Kwanzaa is a black holiday, and St. Patrick’s Day is an Irish holiday, maybe someday soon Halloween will be officially acknowledged as a gay holiday. Happy Halloween!
And this weekend of lavish costumed theatricality will attract everyone, but especially lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer revelers.
Back in the day, Halloween, — the night before All Hallows Day (All Saints Day) — was linked to the ancient Celtic festival Samhain in the British Isles, meaning "summer’s end." And because the celebration is associated with mystery, magic, superstition, witches, and ghosts, the festivity was limited in colonial New England because of its Puritanical belief system.
But today it’s an LGBT extravaganza that rivals — if not out-showcases — Pride festivals.
Long before June officially became LGBT Pride Month, and October became LGBT History Month and included National Coming Out Day, Halloween was unofficially our yearly celebrated "holiday," dating as far back at the 1970s when it was a massive annual street party in San Francisco’s Castro district.
By the 1980s, gay enclaves like Key West, West Hollywood, and Greenwich Village were holding Halloween street parties. And the Halloween parades still attract tens of thousands of straight and gay spectators.
Gay cultural influence on Halloween has become such an unstoppable phenomenon here and abroad that anthropologist Jerry Kugelmass of the University of Florida published a book in 1994 on the new trend, titled Masked Culture, describing Halloween as an emerging gay "high holiday."
"The ’masked culture’ first developed by the gays of San Francisco has reached across the lines of orientation — and now jumped across the boundaries between nations and languages. It’s not just a party. It’s an ideal of personal emancipation, self-expression and self-fulfillment — an ideal that loses none of its power when it takes the form of a sexy nurse’s outfit," CNN contributor David Frum wrote last year in "Halloween craze started in gay culture."
Nicholas Rogers, author of Halloween: From Pagan Ritual to Party Night, points out that while Halloween is enjoyed by everyone, "it has been the Gay community that has most flamboyantly exploited Halloween’s potential as a transgressive festival, as one that operates outside or on the margins of orthodox time, space, and hierarchy. Indeed, it is the Gay community that has been arguably most responsible for Halloween’s adult rejuvenation."
Halloween allows many LGBT Americans at least one night annually of safely being out and "unmasked," free to wear drag or play around with gender. The community revels the entire night like there is no tomorrow, and for many there isn’t. Like its pagan roots, Halloween provided an outlet for us cross-dressing and LGBTQ outsiders who are ostracized by mainstream society.
As Halloween flourished as a gay cultural phenomenon, so too flourished a backlash by the fundamentalist Christians with their "Hell Houses." And these Christians targeted our children. (Believing Hell Houses are no longer up and running in 2016, I’ll speak of them in the past tense.)
Hell Houses were a contemporary form of both antigay bullying and witch-hunting. Created in the late 1970s by the late fundamentalist minister Jerry Falwell, Hell Houses were religious alternatives to traditional haunted houses. They were tours given by evangelical churches across the country designed to scare and bully people away from myriad sins. And one of those sins is homosexuality.
The National Gay and Lesbian Task Force put out a 2006 report titled "Homophobia at ’Hell House’: Literally Demonizing Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Youth," explaining how Hell Houses specifically targeted youth.
"Instead of spooking youth with ghosts and monsters, Hell House tour guides direct them through rooms where violent scenes of damnation for a variety of ’sins’ are performed, including scenes where a teenage lesbian is brought to hell after committing suicide and a gay man dying of AIDS is taunted by a demon who screams that the man will be separated from God forever in hell," the NGLTF stated.
A study published in The Journal of Psychology stated that a strong belief in Satan is directly related to intolerance of LGBT people. Religious leaders who supported Hell Houses believed that by scaring LGBT youth into heterosexual behavior, they were saving their souls. Their attempt to turn our most cherished holiday against us failed — even though they're still trying — and Halloween remains our second Pride.
Our influence on culture is being acknowledged and celebrated more as we come out. As Kwanzaa is a black holiday, and St. Patrick’s Day is an Irish holiday, maybe someday soon Halloween will be officially acknowledged as a gay holiday. Happy Halloween!
REV. IRENE MONROE is a writer and theologian living in Cambridge, Mass.
Read more articles from the Advocate, here.
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